Byzantium and Europe
Speros Vryonis, Jr.
THE EMPERORS OF BYZANTIUM
Constantine I 324-37
Constantius 337-61
Julian 361-63
Jovian 363-64
Valens 364-78
Theodosius I 379-95
Arcadius 395-408
Theodosius II 408-50
Marcian 450-57
Leo I 457-74
Leo II 474
Zeno 474-75
Basiliscus 475-76
Zeno (again) 476-91
Anastasius I 491-518
Justin I 518-27
Justinian I 527-65
Justin II 565-72
Tiberius I Constantine 578-88
Maurice 582-602
Phocas 602-10
Heraclius 610-41
Constantine III and Heraclonas 641
Heraclonas 641
Constans II 641-68
Constantine IV 668-85
Justinian II 685-95
Leontius 695-98
Tiberius II 698-705
Justinian II (again) 705-11
Philippicus 711-13
Anastasius II 713-15
Theodosius III 715-17
Leo III 717-41
Constantine V 741-75
Leo IV 775-80
Constantine VI 780-97
Irene 797-802
Nicephorus I 802-11
Stauracius 811
Michael I Rangabe 811-13
Leo V 813-20
Michael II 820-29
Theophilus 8 29-42
Michael III 842-67
Basil I 867-86
Leo VI 886-912
Alexander 912-13
Constantine VII 913-59
Romanus I Lecapenus 920-44
Romanus II 959-63
Nicephorus II Phocas 963-69
John Tzimisces 969-76
Basil II 976-1025
Constantine VIII 1025-28
Romanus III Argyrus 1028-34
Michael IV 1034-41
Michael V 1041-42
Zoe and Theodora 1042
Constantine IX Monomachus 1042-55
Theodora (again) 1055-56
Michael VI 1056-57
Isaac I Comnenus 1057-59
Constantine X Ducas 1059-67
Romanus IV Diogenes 1068-71
Michael VII Ducas 1071-78
Nicephorus III Botaniates 1078-81
Alexius I Comnenus 1081-1118
John II Comnenus 1118-43
Manuel I Comnenus 1143-80
Alexius II Comnenus 1180-83
Andronicus I Comnenus 1183-85
Isaac II Angelus 1185-95
Alexius III Angelus 1195-1203
Isaac II (again) and Alexius IV Angeli 1203-04
Alexius V Murzuphlus 1204
Theodore I Lascaris 1204-22
John III Ducas Vatatzes 1222-54
Theodore II Lascaris 1254-58
John IV Lascaris 1258-61
Michael VIII Palaeologus 1259-82
Andronicus II Palaeologus 1282-1328
Andronicus III Palaeologus 1328-41
John V Palaeologus 1341-91
John VI Cantacuzene 1347-54
Andronicus IV Palaeologus 1376-79
John VII Palaeologus 1390
Manuel II Palaeologus 1391-1425
John VIII Palaeologus 1425-48
Constantine XI Palaeologus 1449-53
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