Index
__A_ — __B_ — __C_ — __D_ — __E_ — __F_ — __G_ — __H_ — __I_ — __J_ — __K_ — __L_ — __M_ — __N_ — __O_ — __P_ — __Q_ — __R_ — __S_ — __T_ — __U_ — __V_ — __W_ — __X_ — __Y_ — __Z_
Note : Except in the case of princes and prelates, where a definite surname, not merely a title, is known, the person is given under the surname.
Aachen, 82, 151
Aaron, Comitopulus, rise to power, 217-9; death, 230—1; 224, 244
Aaron, Prince, son of John Vladislav, 257
Abasgians, 124
Abodriti, 81—2
Abroleba, 49
Abydos, 238
Achelous, battle, 161, 162
Achilleus, Saint, 222, 231
Acum, a Hun, 6
Adam, 193
Adrian, Saint, 86
Adrianople, captured by Krum, 63-5, 68, by Symeon, 158-9, 166—7; raided by Samuel, 237—8; prisoners from, 65, 71, 79, 85-6; 22, 24, 49, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 73, 74, 75, 89, 95, 144, 208, 234, 282, 291, 292, 293
Adriatic Sea, 99, 174, 221, 226, 233, 240
Ægean Sea, 151, 227, 336
African califate, negotiations with Symeon, 168-9
Africanus, chronological system of, 278
Agatha Chryselia, Tsaritsa, 232
Agathias, historian, 7, 265
Agathonice, 72-3
Agathopolis, 172, 179
Albanian Mountains, 23, 92, 122, 216, 240, 245
Albigeois, heretics, 196, 270
Alciocus, Bulgar chieftain, 19, 20, 21
Alexander, Emperor, reign, 155; 148, 153, 154, 199
Alexandria, 99, 269
Alexius I, Commenus, Emperor, 258
Alogobatur, Bulgar general, 176, 285
Alps, mountains, 82
Alusian, Bulgar prince, 257
Alzeco, Bulgar chieftain, 21
Amasea, 288
Anastasius, Emperor, 6
—, Bibliothecarius, Roman writer, 288
Anatolia, Anatolics, 55, 62
Anchialus, deserted, 59; ceded to Bulgaria, 90-1, 95; 31, 32, 38, 42, 47, 53, 68, 74, 142, 151, 172
Angelarius, disciple of Methodius, 125, 126
Angeli family, 258
Anna, Saint, 192
— , Empress, daughter of Leo VI, 300
— , Porphyrogenneta, Grand Princess of Russia, 180, 226
— , Bulgar princess, 133
Antae, Slav tribe, 10, 22, 25
Antioch, 99, 230, 269-70
Aplaces, John, Imperial general, 61-2
Apocaucus, Imperial stratege, 229
Aprus, fort, 65
Arabs, 26, 33, 41, 92 (see also Saracens); Arabic writers, 269
Arcadiopolis (Lule Burgas), battle, 207; 67, 75, 291
Arianism, 118
Arianites, David, Imperial general, 246, 249
Aristotle, 137
Armenia, Armenians: writers, 269; colonies in Thrace, 35, 47, 217, 227; influence of in Bulgaria, 95, 107, 191-2, 232; 79, 99, 159, 228, 244, 257
Arnulf, King of Germany, 133, 145
Arpad, Magyar chieftain, 145
Arsenius, Higumene, 123
Artana, River, 38
Asen, family of, 260
325
326
Ashot, Prince of Taron, 228-9, 232, 239-40
Asperuch (Isperikh), Khan, reign, 25-30; dates, 273-8; 3, 4, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 43, 51, 58, 202, 261
Atelkuz, 249
Athanasius, Saint, 139
Athens, 251-2
Attica, 229
Attila, is Avitokhol? 279-81; 4, 5, 12, 35, 51
Austria, 149
Avars, conquer Bulgars, 10; Bulgars revolt from, 14-15; in Pannonia, 19, 50-2; 3, 23, 24, 27, 28, 67, 68, 80, 97, 280, 281
Avitokhol, Khan, is Attila ? 279-81; dates, 273-8; 11
Azmak, River, 73
Azov, Sea of, 3, 6, 7, 12, 20
Bagdad, 169
Baian (Batbaian), Khan, 3,16,17, 276
— , boyar, 39, 40
Bakadzhik, 32, 33, 36, 74
Balathistes, forest, 241
Balaton, Lake, 97, 115
Baldric, Marquis of Friuli, 83
Baltic Sea, 22, 99, 150, 186
Baltzene, 72—3
Bardas, Caesar, 99, 101
Bari, 270
Basil I, the Macedonian, Emperor, relations with Rome, 112-14, 117, 119-20; and Slavonic Liturgy, 124-6; 118, 123, 135,261
— II, Bulgaroctonus, Emperor, character, 223; First Bulgar campaign, 224-5; campaign in Macedonia, 227-8; yearly campaigns in Bulgaria, 234-8, 240-4; final campaigns, 245-9; Bulgaria submits to, 249—52; his settlement of Bulgaria, 255-6; 198, 219, 222, 226, 257, 267, 268, 269
— , writer, List of, 282
— the Bogomil, 194
— the Paracoemomenus, 212, 223
Bavaria, 19
Belgrade, 81, 95, 118, 126, 144
Belisarius, Imperial general, 9
Belitsa, 136
Benedict VII, Pope, 226
Benevento, 21
Benjamin, Bulgar prince, 177, 189
Berat, 252
Berrhoea in Thrace (Beroe) 47, 59
— in Macedonia, 226—7, 228, 229, 235, 247
Berzetians, Slav tribe, 41
Bessarabia, 12, 26, 27, 80, 81, 279
Bezmer, Khan, dates, 273-8; 16, 27
Bithynia, 32, 38, 128
Bitolia (Monastir), 243, 249
Bizya, 166
Blachernae, quarter of Constantinople, 67, 156, 179
Black Sea, 7, 21, 27, 38, 40, 52, 60, 66, 143, 171, 186, 202, 225, 235
Boa, Queen of the Sabirs, 7
Bobus, Paul, Magister, 234
Boeotia, 229
Bogas, John, Patrician, 159-60
Bogdan, Bulgar official, 249
Bogomil, Pope, heresiarch, 190-6, 259, 260
Bogomils, heretics, tenets, 190-6; writings, 271-2; 220, 231, 239, 256, 260
Bohemia, 97, 149
Boris I (Michael), Khan or Prince, reign, 90-130; conversion, 102-6; joins Roman Church, 108-13; deserts Rome, 113-14; abdicates, 130; returns, 134-6; second retirement, 136; during Magyar invasion, 146; death, 152; 143, 144, 150, 157-8, 258-9, 261, 266, 270, 286, 293-4, 302
— II, Tsar, reign, 205; captured in Preslav, 209-10; abdication, 215; death, 220-1; 200, 204, 217, 219
— , Tarkan, 126, 286
Bosnia, 196
Bosograd, 247
Bosphorus, 64, 161, 166
Boteniates, Theophylact, Imperial general, 241, 242
Bourbon family, 258
Bovianum, 21
Boyana, 246
Branichevtsi, Slav tribe, 82
Branimir, Prince of Croatia, 119
Bregalnitsa, 129, 135-6
327
Brod, River, 247
Bucellarian theme, 257
Bulgar, town, 18, 168
Bulgarophygon, battle, 147
Burdizus, 89, 291
Burgas, Gulf of, 31, 33, 38, 40, 58, 60, 160, 180, 292
Burugundi, Hunnic tribe, 7, 16
Cain, 193
Calabria, 99, 101
Calocyras, Patrician, 200-3, 208-9, 304-5
Calomela, daughter of Eve, 193
Cameniates, John, historian, 269
Candich, Khagan of the Avars, 10
Cardia, castle, 243
Carloman, King of Germany, 97, 102
Carolingian family, 100, 103, 107, 270
Carpathian Mountains, 19, 51, 93, 96, 149
Carus, Papal legate, 168, 173
Castile, royal house of, 258
Castoria, 218, 247, 251
Catacalon, Imperial general, 147
Catasyrtae, first battle, 161; second battle, 165
Cathari, heretics, 193, 196
Catherine, Bulgar princess, Empress, 257
Caucasus Mountains, 6, 15
Cecaumenus, Imperial general, 221-2, 269
Cedrenus, George, historian, 267
Ceductus, 61, 75
Cevennes Mountains, 196
Chaerosphactus, Leo, Magister, ambassador and letter-writer, 146-8, 152, 268
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), Western Emperor, 50, 51, 52
Charles the Bald, King of Western Franks, 91
Chatalar inscription, 77, 274
Cherna, River, 243, 247
Cherson, 30, 200, 203, 213, 226
China, 4
Chinialus, Cotrigur chieftain, 8
Chirotmetus, 243-4
Christopher, Lecapenus, Emperor, 179, 187
Chryselius, John, father-in-law of Samuel, 226, 239-40
Chryselius, Theodore, 240
Cimbalongus, defile, 240-2
Cimmerians, 5, 6
Cinamon, Greek slave, 80, 89, 283
Clement, Saint and martyr, 116
— , Saint, disciple of Methodius, leaves Moravia, 125-6; in Macedonia, 135-6, 138; death, 152-3; and Slavonic alphabets, 140, 298-9; 127, 220, 254, 268
Clidion. See Cimbalongus
Cnenus, Bulgar official, 175, 287
Colonea in Epirus, 251
Comasius, Saint, 129
Constans II, Emperor, 3, 26
Constantia, 72-3 (Costanza), 180, 212
Constantinacius, Quaestor, 146 Constantine III, Emperor, 13
— IV, Pogonatus, Emperor, 3, 26
— V, Copronymus, Emperor, campaigns in Bulgaria, 35—43, 24, 49, 53, 58, 66, 68, 289, 290
— VI, Emperor, 47-9, 61
— VII, Porphyrogennetus, Emperor, birth, 153; marriage negotiations, 156-7, 163, 299- 301; death, 198; writings, 176, 180, 181, 268-9, 283, 287, 293-4, 296-7; 266, 302
— VIII, Emperor, 198
— Saint. See Cyril
— Bishop, Bulgar author, 139
Constantinople, sieges: by Avars, 19, 23-4, by Justinian II, 30-1, by Arabs, 33, by Krum, 63-5, by Thomas, 75, by Symeon, 156-7; Bulgar embassies at, 39, 59, 71-4, 92, 155, 178-83, 199, 202-3, 303-5; councils at, 113-4, 119-20; and Rome, 99-100, 122; Moravian embassy to, 98, 101-2; Methodius at, 123-4; Symeon’s interview at, 169-72; Great Palace at, 79; influence on Bulgaria, 259-61; and passim throughout.
Contostephanus, Imperial general, 224-5
Copts, 99
Cordyles, Governor of exiled Macedonians, 85, 87, 294
Corinth, city, 170; gulf of, 159; Isthmus of, 229
Cormesian plain, 20
328
Cosmidium, 169
Cosmos, Greek merchant, 144
Cotrag, son of Kubrat, 3, 16
Cotragi. See Cotrigurs
Cotrigurs, Bulgar tribe, 7-10, 15, 18, 23
Crenites, Procopius, 145
Creta, village, 240
Crete, 198
Crimea, 6, 7, 200, 203
Croatia, Croats: missions to, 283; invaded by Omortag, 83; war with Symeon, 175-6; Pannonian Croatia, 82, 87, 91, 118; 24, 25, 51, 81, 117, 119, 149, 151, 178, 196, 252, 285, 297
Crobatus. See Kubrat
Cronus, Bulgar ambassador, 287
Cupharas, Theodore, Greek slave, 102-3
Curcuas, John, Imperial general, 208
— , Romanus, 257
Curticius, Imperial general, 145
Cuturgur, 6
Cyril, Saint, sets out for Moravia, 101; dies at Rome, 115-16; 138, 140, 261, 268, 271, 283, 297-9
Cyrillic alphabet, 161; 140-1, 297-9
Czechs, Slav tribe, 24, 97
Dacians, 80
Dagobert, King of the Franks, 29
Dalmatia, 23, 24, 114, 117, 119, 270, 283
Damascene, St. John, 139
Damian, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 174,182, 216
Danube, River, crossed by Bulgars, 3-4, 20, 25-7, 273-8; by Slavs, 22-4; by Magyars, 145-6; Petchenegs at, 159-60; crossed by Russians, 201-2, 205; Bulgar possessions beyond, 65, 80, 93, 150; see also Bessarabia, Transylvania, Wallachia, and passim throughout.
Daonin, port, 65
Daphnomelas, Eustathius, Patrician, 240, 250-1
Dargomer, Bulgar ambassador, 59, 70
David, Comitopulus, 217, 218-19 (or John), Patriarch of Bulgaria, 245, 249, 256
Debritsa (Drembitsa), 136
Demetrius, Saint, 20, 23, 227, 236
— , Patriarch of Bulgaria, 182
Demosthenes, 137
Dengisich, Prince of the Huns, 279
Develtus, captured by Krum, 58, 68; ceded by Bulgaria, 90. 95; and peace of, 927, 172, 180; 31, 53, 73, 74, 142, 152, 155, 288
Devol, River, 104, 128, 250
Diampolis, 37
Didymotichum, 227
Dinea, 211
Dioclea (Montenegro), 232, 240, 245
Diogenes, Constantine, Imperial general, 243, 246, 247-8, 252
Ditzeng, boyar, 71, 79
Ditzina, River, 180
Dnieper, River, 3, 69, 81, 167; cataracts, 214
Dniester, River, 3, 27, 145, 149
Dobr the Bogomil, 194
Dobromir, Bulgar general, 235
— the younger, 250
Dobrudja, 26, 28, 38
Dometa, Bulgar official, 128
Dometian, Karkan, 243, 244, 287
Dominic, Saint, 196
Dominic, Bishop of Treviso, 112
Don, River, 3, 10, 15, 16, 18, 81, 279
Donatus, Bishop of Ostia, 113
Dragomir, Prince of Terbunia, 233
Dragomuzh, Bulgar general, 249
Dragovitsa, 193
Drave, River, 83, 97
Draxan, Bulgar general, 236
Drina, Black, River, 104
Dristra, Patriarchal, 322, 174, 181, 215-16, 219; held by Russians, 209-14; 135, 144, 146, 201, 217, 247
Dryinopolis, 251
Dual Procession. See Filioque
Ducas, Andronicus, 258
Duks, Bulgar prince, 118, 139
Dukum, boyar, 71
Dulcigno, 232
Dulo, family of, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 30, 35, 258, 273, 280
Dyrrhachium, captured by Samuel, 225-6; betrayed, 239-40; attacked by John Vladislav, 246, 248; 22, 148, 153, 159, 170, 232, 251
329
Ekhatch, Eschatzes, The Sampses, 126, 286
Ekusous, Ecosus, a Bulgar, 58
Elbe, River, 22
Elemagus, Bulgar general, 252
Elitzes, Bulgar general, 243
Ennodius, historian, 270
Enotia, castle, 244
Enravotas, Bulgar prince, martyred, 89-90; 84,103, 285,293
Epiphanius, writer, 282
Epirus, 251
Ergenz, River, 67
Erkesiya. See Fence, Great
Ermi, family of, 11, 13, 273
Ernach, Ernak, Prince of the Huns, is Irnik, 279-81; 12, 16
Eroticus, Nicephorus, Patrician, 203
Esztergom, 77
Etzboclia, Bulgar general, 175, 287
Eumathius, engineer, 54-5
Eupraxia, Bulgar princess, 133
Eusebius, Saint, 129
Eustathius, Imperial admiral, 145, 146
Euthymius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 154
Eutychius, Patriarch of Alexandria, 269, 300
Eve, 193
Fence, the Great, of Thrace, construction, 73, 288-90; 33, 74, 75, 76, 77, 90, 199, 215, 304
Filimer, King of the Goths, 4
Filioque Clause, 108, 112, 119
Formosus, Pope, Legate in Bulgaria, 109, 111-13; 115, 122-3
France, 50
Franks, 50, 81-3, 85, 87, 91, 97, 129, 153. See Carolingian family
Friuli, 83
Frunticus, Bulgar ambassador, 120
Gabriel, Bulgar prince, 133
— , or Germanus, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 219
— -Radomir (or Romanus), Tsar, accession, 242-3; murder of, 244-5; 230, 231, 233-4, 250, 257, 287
— Galaxidi, 174, 230
Ganus, hill, 65
Genesius, chronicler, 266, 291
George, Saint, Miracles of, 271
— (Hamartolus) the Monk,
— chronicle of, 266, 291; Slavonic translation, 271; Continuation, 267
— , Bishop of Belgrade, 118
— , Regent. See Sursubul
Georgia, Georgians, 124
Gepids, 5, 8, 22
Germanus, Saint, 129
— , Caesar, 9
— , Patriarch of Constantinople, 33
— , Patriarch of Bulgaria. See Gabriel
Germany, 10, 50, 67, 82, 100, 101, 108, 116, 130. See Arnulf, Charles, Louis, Kings of Germany.
Getae, 5
Glabas, Basil, 234
Glagolitic alphabet, 101, 140-1, 297-9
Glavenitza, 128
Glycas, historian, 267
Goinic, Serbian prince, 92
Golden Gate of Constantinople, 32, 48, 215
— Horn, 64, 156, 169
Gonitziates, George, Imperial general, 246
Gorazd, disciple of Methodius, 125
Gostun, Khan, 11, 13, 14, 273, 277
Goths, 4, 22, 117
Grammus, Mount, 104
Greece, Greek peninsula, 9, 47, 150, 174
Gregory, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 182
— , Prince of Taron, 228-9
— , Presbyter, writer, 139
Grimoald, Lombard King, 21
— , Bishop of Polimarti, 112
Grod (Gordas or Gordian), King of Crimean Huns, 7-8
Hadrian II, Pope, 112-16
— III, Pope, 125
Haemus Mountains, 24, 27, 34, 73
Hebdomum, 179
Helena, Lecapena, Empress, 163, 301
Hellas, theme, 251
Hellespont, 65, 164
330
Hemnecus, 175, 287
Heraclea, 61, 65, 165
Heraclius, Emperor, 13, 14
Heristal, 81, 82
Herod, King, 193
Hexabulius, Imperial official, 64
Hiung-nu, 4
Hohenstaufen, family of, 258
Hungary, Hungarians, 50, 233, 270, 281. See Magyars
— , Princess of, wife of Gabriel-Radomir, 233-4, 257
Hunno, Alexius, the sampses, 288
Huns, 4-16, 22, 135, 261, 281
Iberians, 8
Ibn-Foszlan, writer, 18
Ibrahim-ibn-Yakub, writer, 186, 198
Ignatius, Patriarch of Constantinople, deposed, 99; reinstated, 112-14; biography, 268, 291; 117, 118
— , biographer, 268
Igor, Grand Prince of Russia, 186, 209
Illyricum, 101, 112, 117, 173, 283
India, 197
Ioannupolis, name for Preslav, 210
Irene, Saint, Empress, peaceful policy, 47-50; 43, 52, 59
— , Ducaena, Empress, 258
— of Larissa, Tsaritsa, 222, 233-4, 244
— , Lecapena, Tsaritsa. See Maria.
Irenupolis, name for Berrhoea, 47
Irnik, Khan, is Ernach, 279-81; dates, 273-7; II
Iron Gate, pass in Stranya Planina, 90
— of the Danube, 238
Isaac I, Comnenus, Emperor, 257
Isbules, Kavkan, 84-5, 88, 94, 284, 287, 293, 295-7
Isernia, 21
Isker, River, 27
Isperikh. See Asperuch.
Italy, 112, 130, 150, 159, 198
Ivatza, Bulgar general, 246, 250-1
Jacob, Bulgar prince, 133
Japheth, 11, 281
Jeremiah. See Bogomil Jerusalem, 99
Joachim, Saint, 192
John the Evangelist, Saint, 192
— of Rila, Saint, 189, 204
— I, Tzimisces, Emperor, Bulgar wars, 206-16; death, 218- 19; 221, 267
— VIII, Pope, 116-21, 125
— X, Pope, 174, 288
— , Patriarch of Bulgaria. See David.
— , Bulgar prince, 177, 188
— , Bishop of Nikiou, writer, 13, 275
— of Antioch, writer, 7
— , Bulgar ambassador, 168
— the Chaldee, 249
— the Exarch, writer, 139, 141-2, 197
— Geometrus, poet, 222—3, 225
— the Presbyter, Papal legate, 118-19
— -Vladislav, Tsar, reign, 244-9; death, 248-9; 231, 257
Jordanes, writer, 270
Joseph, Paracoemomenus, 215
Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 129
Justin II, Emperor, 286
Justinian I, Emperor, 6, 8-9, 22
— II, Rhinotmetus, Emperor, 30, 31, 34, 261
Kadi-Keui, inscription, 58
Kama, River, 18, 81
Kardam, Khan, reign, 48-50; 51, 52, 61, 258
Karnobad, 36
Khazars, 17, 18, 30, 281
Khrabr, writer, 139, 197, 271, 299
Kiev, 202, 205, 214
Kocel, Moravian prince, 115
Kormisosh, Khan, reign, 35-7; 33, 39, 59, 273, 277, 289
Kosara, Bulgar princess, Princess of Dioclea, 233, 245, 251
Kouria, Petcheneg chieftain, 214
Kozma, writer, 191, 196-7, 271
Kraina, 245
Krakra, Bulgar general, 238, 240, 246, 247, 248-9
Krum, Khan, reign, 51-70; wars, 525-6, 291-2; legislation, 68-70; death, 68; 71, 72, 74, 76, 79, 80, 89, 90, 94, 130, 170, 214, 258, 261, 266, 295; family of, 215, 216,231,238
Kuber, Bulgar chieftain, 20
Kubiares family, 83
331
Kubrat (Kurt), Khan, reign, 13-16; dates, 273-7; sons, 3, 4, 17-19; 10, 11, 50, 51, 81, 261
Kuphis (Kuban), River, 12
Kurson, Magyar chieftain, 145
Kurt. See Kubrat.
Kutmichevtsa, 128
Lampsacus, 164
Languedoc, 196
Larissa, captured by Samuel, 221-2; 224, 231, 233, 235, 251
Laurentius, disciple of Methodius, 125
Leo III, the Isaurian, Emperor, 33, 35, 101
— IV, Emperor, 43
— V, the Armenian, Emperor, campaigns in Bulgaria, 62-8, 290-2; makes peace, 72-4; 266
— VI, the Wise, Emperor, at war with Symeon, 145-9; matrimonial troubles, 153-5; writings, 282; 126, 135, 302
— Diaconus, writer, 225, 267, 303-5
— Grammaticus, writer, 267
— Magister. See Chaerosphactus.
— of Tripoli, pirate, 151, 167
Leontius, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 164, 174, 181-2
Liplyan, 249
Lithosoria, 41
Little Scythia, 12, 279
Liudevit, Prince of Croatia, 82
Liudprand, Bishop of Cremona, ambassador and writer, 197-8, 202, 270-1, 301, 304-5
Logothete, the, unknown historian, 267, 293
Lombardy, Lombards, 21, 196
Long Walls, the, in Thrace, 36
Longus, castle, 247
Lothair II, King of Lorraine, 100
Louis I, the Pious, Emperor, 67-8, 81-3
— II, Emperor, 99
— III, of Provence, Emperor, 300
— II, the German, King of Germany, 83, 87, 91, 97, 98, 102, 108, 109
Luke the Less, Saint, 159, 268
— the Stylite, Saint, 147
Lupus, Protospatharius, chronicler, 270
Macedonia, Slavs in, 21, 24; Bulgar settlements in, 87-9, 93; territory ceded to Bulgars, 104, 180; Clement in, 127-8, 135-6, 138; Bulgar aggression in, 151-2; centre of Samuel’s Empire, 216-52, passim; Macedonian exiles from Adrianople, 85-6; 53, 55, 62, 70, 261, 282
Machelm, German ambassador, 82
Macrolivada, 72-3, 288
Madalbert, Papal legate, 173, 174, 176
Madara, 79
Magotinus, Bulgar ambassador, 287
Magyars, raid Bulgaria, 145-7, 153, 185-6; settle in Pannonia, 149-51; 18, 81, 86, 152, 160, 167, 178, 184, 201, 205, 233, 270, 304-5; see Hungary
Mainz, 91
Malacenus, Protospatharius, 234
Malalas, John, historian, 139, 265
Malamir, Khan, reign, 84-90; and Presiam, 292-7; 71, 92, 94, 287
Manassas, chronicler, 267
Mani, heresiarch, 191
Manuel, Archbishop of Adrianople, 65, 71, 79
Manzikert, 257
Marcellae, 36, 48, 55, 56
Marcianopolis, 143, 282
Margum, 5, 135
Maria, Princess of Bulgaria, wife of Boris I, 133
— (Irene), Lecapena, Tsaritsa, marriage 178-82; influence, 187, 197; death, 198, 304-5; 142, 156, 184, 191, 199, 204, 302
— , Tsaritsa, wife of John-Vladislav, 249, 251
— , Bulgar princess, wife of Andronicus Ducas, 258
Marinus, Pope, legate in Bulgaria, 113; in Constantinople, 120; 121, 122-3, 125
Maritsa, River, 33, 73, 224, 236
Marmaëm, Bulgar general, 162, 175
Marmora, Sea of, 156
Martin, Bulgar ambassador, 108
Martina, Empress, 13, 16
Mary, the Virgin, 190, 192, 212, 252
— the New, Saint, 268
332
Matrucium, 242
Maurice, Emperor, 23
Mehdia, 168
Meleona frontier, 32, 59, 70, 289-90
Melissenus, Leo, Magister, 224-5
Melitene, 35
Melnik, 238, 242
Menander Protector, writer, 265
Menicus, 287
Mesembria, captured by Krum, 60-1, 68; Leo V’s campaign near, 66, 290-2; rebuilt by Emperor, 73-4; conference at, 178, 180; 3, 31, 39, 40, 59, 160-1, 172, 282
Methodius, Saint, brother of Cyril, with Cyril, 101, 115-6; returns to Moravia, 123; death, 124-5; 138, 261, 268, 271, 283
Methodius, Greek artist, 102-3
Michael I, Rhangabe, Emperor, 57, 58-62
— II, the Amorian, Emperor, 75, 85
— III, the Drunkard, Emperor, 101, 103, 104, 112, 302
— , Prince of Bulgaria. See Boris
— , Prince of Zachlumia, 162
— , Bulgar prince, 177, 188
— , Bishop of Devol, copyist, 267
— the Bogomil, 194
— , son of Moroleon, Imperial general, 165
Miroslava, Bulgar princess, 232, 239-40
Moesia, 4, 282
Moglena, 219, 220, 243-4
Moimir, Prince of Moravia, 96-7
Moldavia, 51, 150
Moliscus, 247
Monastir. See Bitolia
Mongols, 18
Monophysite heretics, 192
Monothelite controversy, 26
Montfort, Simon de, 196
Morava, River, 5, 87, 135, 237
Moravia, Moravians; become powerful, 96-7; conversion, 98, 101-2, 271; Slavonic liturgy in, 115-17, 124-5; Slavonic alphabet in, 298-9; falls before Magyars, 149; 24, 51, 95, 103, 133, 140
Moroleon, Imperial general, 165, 166
Morovisd, 249
Moses, Comitopulus, 217, 218
Mosynopolis, 235, 242, 243, 246, 249
Mugel, Prince of Crimean Huns, 8
Mundo, Hunnic brigand, 5, 6
Mundraga, 146
Muntimer, Serbian prince, 92-3
Nahum, Saint, disciple of Methodius, comes to Bulgaria, 125-6; at Preslav, 135-6; goes to Macedonia, 138; dies, 152; biography, 271; 220
Naïssus (Nish), 95, 144
‘Nestor,’ chronicler, 271, 278, 303-5
Nestorians, heretics, 99
Nestoritsa, Bulgar general, 241, 250
Nestos, River, 88
Nicaea in Thrace, 59
Nicene Creed, 119, 125
Nicephorus I, Emperor, wars with Krum, 52-7; killed, 57; 50, 58, 59
— II, Phocas, Emperor, wars with Bulgarians, 190-206, 303-5; murder of, 206; 180, 223, 267, 290
— , Patriarch of Constantinople, 61; writings, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 36, 265-6; biography, 268
Nicetas, Patrician, 179
— , biographer, 268
Nicholas I, Pope, quarrel with Photius, 99-101, 103; negotiations with Boris, 108-12; 115, 116, 117, 270
— , Mysticus, Patriarch of Constantinople, Regent, 155; Bulgarian policy, 155-8; letters to Symeon, 164-70; 173-4, 268; 153-4, 300-1
— , Count, father of Comitopuli, 217, 286
— , Imperial soldier, 57
Nicon Metanoeite, Saint, 229, 268
Nicopolis, 188
Niculitzes, 222, 235, 236, 251; family of, 269
Nitra, 97, 125
Noah, 12
Noble War, the, 41
North Sea, 99
333
Ochrida, lake, 104, 128; episcopal and patriarchal see, 135-6, I38, 255; town, capital of Bulgaria, 220; buildings, 231; captured by Basil II, 245, 246, 249; 142, 152, 299
Oder, River, 97
Odessus, 282
Okorses, Zhupan, 81, 286
Old Great Bulgaria, 4, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18
Olga, Grand Princess of Russia, 201-3, 205
Omortag, Khan, reign, 71-84; peace with Leo V, 72-4, 289-90; buildings, 75-9; death, 84; 89, 93, 94, 130, 274, 283, 288, 293
Onegavon, Tarkan, 83, 286
Onglus (Oglus), 25, 28, 202
Onogunduri, Bulgar tribe, 14, 18, 280
Onoguri, Bulgar tribe, 7, 16
Opsician theme, 30
Orestes, Protospatharius, 246
Organ a, Khan, 14
Ostrovo, Lake, 104, 244; River, 236; town, 244, 247
Othrys hills, 229
Otto I, Western Emperor, 186, 198, 218
— II, Western Emperor, 180, 226
Ozum, River, 104
Paderborn, 87
Pancrat, soothsayer, 48
Pannonia, 3, 19, 20, 50, 51, 52, 67, 68, 83, 84, 87, 150
Panteliemon, Monastery of Saint. See Patleïna
Paristrium, theme of, 255
Parthenon, 252
Passau, Bishops of, 97, 98
Patarenes, heretics, 193, 196
Patleïna, Monastery of Saint Panteliemon at, 130, 136, 137, 143, 299
Patras, 159
Patzicus, Constantine, 64
Paul, Prince of Serbia, 163, 165, 167
— , Bishop of Ancona, Papal legate, 117
— , Bishop of Polimarti, Papal legate, 112
Paul, Bishop of Populonia, Papal legate, 109, 112-13
Paulicians, heretics, 91, 107, 191-3, 217
Pegae-on-the-Bosphorus, 166
— , suburb of Constantinople, 169, 179
Peloponnese, 23, 88, 174, 229
Pentapolis of Ravenna, 3
Pernik, 238, 246, 249
Persians, 8, 23
Petchenegs, dislodge Magyars, 145, 149; negotiations with Zoe, 159-60, with Romanus I, 167; raid Bulgaria, 178, 185-6; war with Svyatoslav, 202, 214; 163, 200, 205, 211, 247
Peter, Saint, 99, 111, 118, 121-
— , Tsar, reign, 177-205; marriage, 179-81; title, 182, 301-3; external policy, 184-6; internal rule, 187; death, 204-5, 304-5; 156, J73, 219, 220, 230, 238, 259, 270
— , Prince of Serbia, 162-3
— , Bulgar ambassador, at Rome, 108, 113; at Constantinople, 113-14; 118 288
— the Bogomil, 194
Delean, Bulgar prince, 234, 257
Petrich, 244
Petrisk, 244
Peuce, island, 26
Pharsalia, 229
Phenedia, 168
Philetus, Imperial general, 47
Philip, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 219-20
Philippi, 59, 81; inscription, 293-4, 296
Philippopolis, deserted, 59, 68, 73-4, 87; annexed by Bulgars, 88; captured by Russians, 205-6; reannexed to Empire, 215, 217, 219; used as base by Basil II, 224-4, 235, 238; 75, 135, 142, 144, 193, 224, 255, 282
Philotheus, Bishop of Euchaïta, Imperial ambassador, 203, 214
Phocas, Emperor, 23
— family, 212; see also Nicephorus II, Emperor
— , Bardas, Caesar, 199
— , Bardas, rebel, 208, 226
— , Leo, Imperial general, 160-1
334
Phocas, Nicephorus, the elder, Imperial general, 145, 146-7, 160, 198
Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, quarrel with Pope, 99-101; letter to Boris, 106-7; deposed, 112-14; reinstated, 118, 119-20; deposed again, 126; 103, 108, 109, 115, 124, I35, 137, 261, 268
— , Macedonian saint, 227
Pindus Mountains, 92
Pitzia, Gothic general, 6
Pliska, Bulgar capital, 28, 51; captured by Nicephorus I, 53-4, 56; buildings at, 65, 76, 79, 96; rebellion in, 104-5; 37, 71, 75, 122, 136, 211, 225, 235, 272, 286
Polemarchius, Demetrius, Bulgar general, 227
Praestizisunas, Bulgar ambassador, 288
Predenecenti, Slav tribe, 82
Presiam, Bulgar prince, and Malamir, 292-7; 84, 88, 92
Preslav, Great Preslav, built, 77-8, 274; becomes capital, 136, 138-9; buildings, 141-3; taken by Magyars, 146; Patriarchal see at, 174, 181-2, 215; captured by Russians, 205, by John I, 208-10, by Samuel, 225, by Basil II, 235; 85, 96, 122, 130, 144, 151, 153, 154, 164, 172, 187, 188, 197, 219, 272, 299
— , on the Danube, Little Preslav, early settlement, 26, 96; Svyatoslav’s capital, 203, 205, 202, 215, 235, 272
Prespa, Lake, 104; town, capital, 219, 220, 222, 233; 218, 231, 242, 250-1
Pribina, Prince of Nitra, 97
Prilep, 136, 241, 243
Probatum, Provadia, 48, 59, 89, 135
Procopia, Empress, 61, 75
Procopius, historian, 6-8, 265
Prosek, 249
Prusian, Bulgar prince, 249, 250, 257
Pruth, River, 86, 145
Pyrenees Mountains, 196
Pyrrhus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 13
Quedlinburg, 218
Radomir, Bulgar prince, 257
Ragusa, 162
Rase (Racka), 92
Ratimir, Prince of Croatia, 92
Ratisbon, 109, 145, 151
Ravenna, 3, 21
Rendacius, Sisinnius, Imperial ambassador, 33
Rhaedestus (Rodosto), 65, 208
Rhipsime, Countess, 217
Rhodope Mountains, 24, 34, 88, 238, 241, 247, 282
Rhodophyles, Cubicularius, 151
Richelieu, Cardinal, 69
Rila, 189,216,299
Romanus I, Lecapenus, Emperor, ascends throne, 160-1; war with Symeon, 163-8; interview with Symeon, 169-72, 259; letters, 172-3, 268; relations with Peter, 185-6, 188, 302-3; 158, 174, 177, 178-9, 186, 188, 198, 212, 300-1
— II, Emperor, 198, 302
— IV, Diogenes, Emperor, 257
— , Bulgar prince, son of Peter, eunuch, 215; escape to Bulgaria, 220-1; surrenders, 238; 200, 205, 219, 224, 230
Rome, Bulgar embassies to, 108, 112, 113, 114, 120; compared to Constantinople, 122; 50, 99, 168
Romuald, Lombard prince, 21
Rostislav, King of Moravia, embassy to Constantinople, 97-8, 101-2; 115, 116
Russia, Russians: allied to Nicephorus I, 200; invade Bulgaria, 201-3, 205-14, 304-5; 143, 167, 180, 186, 216, 226, 247, 259, 261, 271
Sabbas, disciple of Methodius, 125
Sabbatius, monk, 72, 292
Sabin, Khan, 39-40, 276-7
Sabirs, Hunnish tribe, 7, 10
Saint Elias, castle, 243
Saint George, River, 48
Saint Mamas, palace, 64, 76; quarter, 144
Salona, 23
Samo, Slav chieftain, 24
335
Samuel, Comitopulus, Tsar, rise, 218; reign, 219-43; internal policy, 231; death, 242-3; 173, 217, 245, 249, 251, 256, 257, 259, 261, 270
— Alusian, Bulgar prince, 257
Sandilch, Khan of the Utigurs, 8-9
Saracens, 30, 55, 75, 145, 199; see Arabs
Saraguri, Bulgar tribe, 7
Sardica, captured by Krum, 53; recovered, 54; annexed by Bulgars, 87; 23, 34, 58, 68, 73, 74, 95, 135, 144, 189, 282; see Sofia
Sarmatians, 22
Satan, 193, 196
Save, River, 22, 52
Sclavinia, Slavonia, 30, 67
Sclerus, Bardas, rebel, 207, 219, 226, 227
— Nicetas, Patrician, 145
Scutari, Lake, 245
Scylitzes, Johannes, historian, 230, 267, 303-5
Scythians, 4, 5, 271
Selymbria, 65, 165
Sepenum, 21
Serbia, Serbs; converted, 283; Presiam invades, 87-8, 296-7; Boris invades, 92-3; Symeon’s wars with, 162-3, 165, 162-7; annexed by Bulgars, 175; revolts, 185; 24, 25, 53, 118, 151, 196, 232, 252, 293
— (Selfidje), 227, 235, 236, 252
Seres (Serrae), 218, 219, 240, 249
Sergius, Patrician, 182
Sermon, Lord of Sirmium, 252
Setaena, 247
Sevar, Khan, 35, 273, 276-7
Shchip (Ishtip), 243, 249
Shishman, 217-8
Shumla inscription, 76, 89, 294-5
Sicily, 99, 151
Sigritze, Bulgar general, 162, 175
Sinnion, Cotrigur chieftain, 8
Sirmium, 6, 116, 252
Sisinni, Saint, 193
Skopie, Uskub, 237, 238, 249
Slavonic Liturgy, 101, 115, 116, 117, 124, 125, 135-6, 139
Slavs, 22-5, and passim throughout
Sofia, Basil II attacks, 224-5, 228; 219, 235, 238, 246; see Sardica
Sondok, Bulgar official, 118, 288
Sophia, Empress, 166
Sophia, Cathedral of Saint, 154, 215
Sosk, 244, 252
Sozopolis, 172, 180
Spalato, 174, 176
Spercheus, River, battle at, 229-30; 237, 251
Stagi, 252
Stasis, Bulgar ambassador, 288
Stauracius, Emperor, 55, 57-8
— , Imperial general, 47
—, merchant, 144
Stephen V, Pope, 125
— , Porphyrogennetus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 123, 126, 135,153
— , of Amasea, Patriarch of Constantinople, 174, 179
— , King of Hungary, 233
— , Bishop of Nepi, 113
— the Bulgar, royal relative, 178, 287
— the Bogomil, 194
Stoponium, 224
Stroemer, Prince of Serbia, 92
Strongylus, fort, 43
Struma, River, 47, 88, 238, 240, 246
Strumitsa, 129, 238, 242, 246, 249
Strymon, theme of, 53; city, 59
Suidas, lexicographer, 68, 269
Suleiman Keui inscription, 72, 289
Sursubul, George, Regent of Bulgaria, 177-9, 183, 187, 287
Svatopulk I, King of Moravia, 116, 117, 149
— II (Salanus), King of Moravia, 133
Svengel, Russian general, 209-10, 212
Svinitse (Zvenitzes), Bulgar prince, 84, 90, 293
Svyatoslav, Grand Prince of Russia, 201-3, 205-14, 226
Symeon, Tsar, education, 123; accession, 137; reign, 137-77; patronizes letters and art, 138-43; first war with Empire, 144-50; marriage scheme, 156-7, 299-301; second war with Empire, 157-69; interview with Romanus I, 169-72; proclaims himself Tsar, 173-4; war with Croatia, 175-6; death,
336
Symeon, Tsar (continued)— 177; result of reign, 177-8, 183; 130, 134, 183, 184, 188, 189, 197, 199, 200, 215, 259, 261, 267, 268, 286, 287, 293, 302
— , brother-in-law of Tsar Symeon, 178, 286, 287
— , the Asecretis, 151-2
Syrians, 35, 224
Tabari, chronicler, 148
Tagma, Turkish Ambassador, 286
Taman peninsula, 6
Taridin, Count, 129, 286
Taron, theme of, 257; princely family of, 228, 249
Tarsus, 199, 303
Tcheslav, boyar, 126
Telerig, Khan, 41-3
Telets, Khan, 37-9, 273, 276, 277
Tempe, Vale of, 229
Terbunia, 233
Tervel, Khan, reign, 30-4; peace treaty with Theodosius III, 32-3, 59, 63, 70, 73, 289; dates, 273-7; 43, 58, 144, 261
Tetraxite Goths, 6, 8
Theiss, River, Bulgar frontier, 50-2, 81, 97, 149; 69, 83, 286
Theodora, Saint, Empress-Regent, 80, 90-1, 102, 292
— , Empress, wife of Romanus I, 166
Theodore, Stratilates, Saint, 212
— , Bulgar prince, 257
— , Abbot of Studium, 61, 80
— , Bulgar ambassador, 147
— , Tarkan, 152
— the Bogomil, 194
Theodoric, Ostrogothic King, 5, 6
Theodorocanus, Imperial general, 235
Theodorupolis, name for Preslav, 214-5
Theodosiopolis (Erzerum), 35, 257
Theodosius III, Emperor, 32, 33, 59, 289
— , Bishop of Nona, 120
— , Protovestiarius, 147
— of Melitene, historian, 257
Theophanes, Saint, historian, 153; works, 7, 15, 25, 26, 36-7, 42, 54, 265-6; 276, 291; Continuator of, 266-7, 291
— , Protovestarius and Paracoemomenus, 179-80
Theophano, Empress, 198, 204, 206
— , Western Empress, 180, 226
Theophilus, Emperor, 85-6, 290
Theophylact, Lecapenus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 190, I91, 195, 268
— , Archbishop of Bulgaria,
— writer, 256, 268, 293-4
— , Papal legate, 180, 226
Thermitsa, 246
Thermopylae, 9, 229, 251
Thessalonica, sieges by Slavs, 20, 23, 24; trade-route to, 95; Bulgar trade diverted to, 144, 148; sack by Leo of Tripoli, 151-2, 167, 269; attacked by Samuel, 228, 229; visited by Basil II, 227, 243, 246; 30, 33, 34, 87, 101, 129, 140, 159, 188, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 282, 298 Thessaly, 41, 221-2, 224, 236, 238, 251, 252 Thirty Years’ Peace made, 72; ended, 88; 74, 75, 78, 84-5, 87
Thomas, rebel, 75
Thrace, invaded by Telets, 38, 1 by Kardam, 48, by Krum, 61, 63, by Symeon, 145, 146, 147, 156-7, 161, 164, 166, 167, 169; Asiatic colonies in, 107, 169, 192, 217; Great Fence of, see Fence; 22, 32, 34, 37, 40, 47, 58, 88, 159, 171, 172, 206, 207, 231
Thracian Chersonese, 9
Tiberiupolis in Bithynia, 129
— in Macedonia, 128-9
Tiberius, Emperor, 31
Timok, River, 237; Timocian Slavs, 81-2
Timothy, Saint, 129
Tirnovo, 77, 260
Tirpimir, Prince of Croatia, 92
Tokt, Khan, 40
Tomislav, King of Croatia, 175-6
Tomor, Mount, 128, 250
Trajan, Emperor, 80
— , Bulgar prince, 257
— Gate of, defile, 224, 235
Tranemarisca (Turtakan), 76
Transylvania, Bulgar Empire in, 50, 51, 80, 95; lost to Magyars, 149-50
Tsepa, boyar, 84, 284, 295
Tsigat, Bulgar ambassador, 41
Tsok, boyar, 71
337
Tudor Doksov, son of Doks, Bulgar prince and writer, 139, 273, 275, 277
Tundzha, River, 40
Turanians, 18
Turkestan, 261
Turks, 9-10, 15, 57, 281, 286
Tutsa, River, 77
Tzanagares family, 81
Tzeesthlav, Prince of Serbia, 175, 185
Tzimisces, Emperor. See John I
Ugain family, 37, 273
Ukil or Vokil family, 35, 40, 273
Umar, Khan, dates, 273-7; 40, 41
Unogunduri. See Onogunduri
Uranus, Nicephorus, Imperial general, 229-30, 234, 251
Urogi, Bulgar tribe, 7
Uskub. See Skopie Utigurs, Bulgar tribe, 7-10, 279-80
Uturgur, 6
Valens, emperor, 57
Varangian Guard, 201, 202, 247
Vardar, River, 237, 238, 246, 249
Varna, 27, 40, 41, 180, 282
Vaspurakan, 257
Vatatzes, Imperial official, 234
Venice, 125, 162, 233, 270
Verbitsa, Pass of, 57
Veregava, Pass of, 36-7, 40, 57, 91, 208
Versinicia, 49, 61-2, 75
Vestranna, Bulgar ambassador, 288
Vesuvius, Mount, 21
Vidin, 237
Vienna, 97
Vinekh, Khan, 37, 273, 277
Vishegrad. See Bosograd
Visigoths, 57
Vistula, River, 97
Vitalian, rebel, 6
Vlachs, 80, 218
Vladimir, Prince of Bulgaria, reign, 133-6; 86, 92, 145, 177, 284
— , Grand Prince of Russia, 180, 226
— , Prince of Dioclea, 232-3, 240, 245, 248
Vlastemer, Prince of Serbia, 88, 92
Vodena, 219-20, 236, 243, 248
Voiusa, River, 104, 128
Vokil family. See Ukil
Volerus, 236, 243
Volga, River, 18, 21, 81
Wallachia, Bulgar empire in, 27, 51, 80, 150; overrun by Petchenegs, 160, 202
Wendic Mark, 19
Wiching, Bishop of Nitra, 125
Xiphias, Nicephorus, Protospatharius, 235, 241, 243, 246, 252
Yachya, patriarch of Antioch, writer, 221, 269-70
Zabergan, king of the Cotrigurs, 9
Zacharias, Prince of Serbia, 165, 167, 175
Zachlumia, 162
Zagoria in Macedonia, 242
— in Thrace, 31, 34
Zaützes, Basileopator, 145, 147, 153
Zdeslav, Prince of Croatia, 119
Zeno, Emperor, 5
Zergobul, Bulgar ambassador, 118, 288
Zhuan-Zhuan or Zhen-Zhen, 9
Zoe, Garbopsina, Empress, marriage, 153-5; regency, 158-62; son’s marriage, 158, 300-1; 164, 168, 198
Zonaras, historian, 267
Zoroastrianism, 193
Zvenitzes. See Svinitse