SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Regular periodicals with articles on the Islamic Balkans
‘Afīfī Dr Abū’l-‘Alā: al-Malāmiyya wal-Ṣūfiyya wa-Ahl al-Futuwwa, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyya, ‘Isā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa-Shurakā’uhu, Cairo, 1364/ 1945
Aktepe, M. Münir, ‘Kosowa, Kosovo’ in the Encyclopedia of Islam (new edn).
Algar, H., ‘The Naqshabandi Order: A preliminary survery of its history and significance’, Studia Islamica, XLIV, 1976, pp. 123-52.
—, ‘Some notes on the Naqshabandī Ṭarīqat in Bosnia’, Die Welt des Islams, n.s., Vol. XIII, nos 3-4, Leiden, 1971, pp. 168-203.
Alpan, Necip: ‘L’Influence de la langue et de la littérature turques sur la langue et la littérature albanaises’ in Deuxieme Conference des Etudes Albanologiques, Tirana, 12-18 Janvier 1968, Tirane, 1970, pp. 97-105. ‘Influence turco-Ottomane dans la littérature albanaise’ Makedonski Folklor (Skopje), 12.24, 1979, pp. 161-8.
Andrić, Ivo, The Development of Spiritual Life in Bosnia under the Influence of Turkish Rule, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990. (A highly critical, even deprecatory view of Islam in Bosnia. The gaps have been exposed by Jasna Šamić in Quaderni di Studi Arabe, 5-6, 1987-8, pp. 690-8).
Anghelescu, Nadia, Limbaj și Cultură în civilizaţia Arabâ, Bucharest, 1986. (A study of Arabic languge and literature by the leading Romanian Arabist.)
—, ‘Islamul și celelalte religii monoteisti’ and ‘Pentruci, recursal la integrism este rezultatul unci crize profunde’ in ‘Litere, Arte, Idei’ supplement to Cotidianul, no. 12, July 29, 1991. (Much of this number is devoted to Arabic and Islamic topics.)
Angelov, Dimitar, Les Balkans au Moyen Age. La Bulgarie des Bogomils aux Turcs, London: Variorum Reprints, 1978.
Arnakis, G.G., ‘Futuwwa traditions in the Ottoman Empire, Akhis, Bektashi Dervishes and Craftsmen’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. XII, no. 4, Oct. 1953 pp. 232-47.
Asboth, J. de, An Official Tour through Bosnia and Herzegovina, London 1890. (A classic account.)
Babinger, F. von, ‘Serayévo’ in the Enyclopedia of Islam. ‘Die Gründung von Elbasan’, Ostasiatische Studien, 1931, Berlin, pp. 94-103.
Backer, Berit, ‘Mother, Sister, Daughter, Wife: The pillars of the traditional Albanian Patriarchal Society’ in Women in Islamic Societies, edited by Bo Vtas, London: Curzon Press, 1983, pp. 48-65.
Bartl, Peter, Die Albanischen Muslime zur Zeit der nationalen Unabhangigkeit (1878-1912), Wiesbaden Otto: Harrassowitz, 1968. (This is the classic study on the period in question.)
Bašagić Safvet Beg, Bošnjaci i Hercegovci u Islamskoj Književnosti, (The Islamic Literature of Bosnia and Hercegovina), Sarajevo, 1912.
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282
Bajraktarević, Fehim, ‘Mostar’ in Encyclopedia of Islam (new edn).
Balagija, Abduselam, Les Musulmans Yougoslavs. Etude Sociologique, Publications de l’Institut d’Etudes Orientales, Faculté des Lettres d’Alger, Algiers: La Maison des Livres, 1940. (An unusual study of Bosnian society.)
Balić, Smail, Croatia, Land and People (ed. F.H. Eterovich), vol. II, University of Toronto Press, 1970. (Chapter 6, ‘Cultural Achievements of Bosnia-Hercogovinian Muslims’, pp. 299-361, is among the best introductions to this subject.)
Birge, John Kingsley, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, London: Luzac, 1937, 1965. (The classic study.)
Bousquet, G.H., ‘Note sur les reformes de l’Islam Albanais’, Revue des Etudes Islamiques, 1935, cahier IV pp. 399-410.
Bowen, H., article on ‘Alī Pasha Tepelendeli in the Encyclopedia of Islam.
Braudel, F., La Méditerranée et le Monde Mediterranéen a l’époque de Philippe II, vol. 3, Paris, 1966.
Brooks, E.W., ‘The Arab Occupation of Crete’, English Historical Review, vol. XXVIII, 1913, pp. 431-43.
Buda, Aleks, ‘La place des Albanais dans l’histoire européenne du Vile au XVIIIe siècle, Actes du Premier Congres International des Etudes Balkaniques et Sud-Est Européennes, III, Sofia, 1969, pp. 57-74.
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, Bulgarian Language Institute, Macedonia: Documents and Material, Sofia, 1971.
Busch-Zantner, Richard. ‘Die Sekte der Bektaschi in Albanien’, Dr A. Petermanns Mitteilungen aus Justus Perthes’ Geographischer Anstalt, 78, Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1932, p. 245.
Buturović, Denana, ‘The Folk Epic Tradition of the Moslems of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the beginning of the 16th century until the publication of Hermann’s Collection (1888)’, Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch- Herzogowinischen Landesmuseums, III, 13, Sarajevo, 1980.
Cahen, Claude, ‘Baba Ishaq, Baba Ilyas, Hadjdji Bektash et quelques autres’, Turcica, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 53-64.
Canape, Marie-Paule, ‘L’islam et la question des nationalités en Yougoslavie, in O. Carré and P. Dumont (eds), Radicalismes islamiques, vol. 2, Paris: L’Harmattan, 1986, pp. 100-61. (This is a key study on ‘Muslim nationality’ and with remarkable foresight explains the causes of the tragedy enacted in the 1990s in Bosnia and Hercegovina.)
Canard, M., ‘Arabes et Bulgares au debut du Xe siècle’, Byzantion, vol. XI, 1936, pp. 213-23.
Carter, Francis W., Dubrovnik (Ragusa): A Classic City-state, London and New York: Seminar Press, 1972.
Ćehajić, Džemal, Derviški Redovi u Jugoslavenskim Zemljama sa posebnim osvrtom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, XIV, Sarajevo, 1986. (The best survey of the Ṣūfī orders in Bosnia.)
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Christides, Vassilios, The Conquest of Crete by the Arabs (ca. 824): A Turning Point in the Struggle between Byzantium and Islam, Athens University Press, 1984.
—, ‘Arabs as “Barbaroi” before the rise of Islam’, Balkan Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, Thessaloniki, 1969, pp. 315-24.
Ćurić, Hajrudin, La Situation Scolaire des Musulmans en Bosnie-Herzegovina (1800-1878), Belgrade: Serb Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1965.
Daniel, Odile, ‘The Historical Role of the Muslim Community in Albania’, Central Asian Survey, vol. 9, no. 3, 1990, pp. 1-28. (The best short introduction to the entire subject now in print.)
—, Albanie. Une bibliographic historique, Paris: CNRS, 1985.
Dejong, F., see under ‘Jong’
Djinguiz, Mohammed, ‘L’Islam en Bulgarie et dans la Rumélie Orientale’, Revue du Monde Musulman, vol. 5, 1908 (Kraus Reprint, 1974), pp. 482-99.
Djurdjev, Branislav, article on ‘Bosna’ (Bosnia) in the Enclycopedia of Islam.
Donia, Robert, Islam under the Double Eagle: The Muslims of Bosnia and Hercegovina, 1878-1914, New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
Ducellier, Alain, L’Albanie entre Byzance et Venise aux Xe-XVe siècles, London: Variorum Reprints, 1987. (The principal source on Albanian history before the Ottoman conquest).
Duda, Herbert W., Balkantürkische Studien, Vienna, 1949 (see in particular the article on Skopje: ‘Usküb in 17. Jahrhundert’, pp. 14ff. and ‘Moschee und Medrese des Serif Halil Pascha in Schumen’, pp. 63-114).
Džaja, Srećko M., Konfessionalitat und Nationalist Bosniens und der Herzegowina Voremanzipatorische Phase 1463-1804, Munich: Südosteuropaische Arbeiten, 80, 1984. (A major study of Islam and nationality in Bosnia.)
Ebied, R.Y., and M.J.L. Young, ‘An exposition of the Islamic doctrine of Christ’s second coming as presented by a Bosnian Muslim scholar’, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 5, 1974, pp. 127-138. (Text in English.)
Elezi, Ismet, ‘Le Caractère du droit coutumier albanais durant l’occupation turque’, Ethnographic Albanaise (edition speciale a l’occasion de la conference nationale des Etudes Ethnographiques in Albanie, June 1976), Tiranë, 1976, pp. 41-7.
Elsie, Robert, Dictionary of Albanian Literature, New York and London, 1986. (Comprehensive in its coverage of Albanian Muslim poets and writers in Albania, the Balkans and the Middle East.)
Enciklopedija Jugoslavije, article: ‘Arapi i Južni Slovenia’, vol. 1, Zagreb, pp. 149-52.
Evans, Arthur J., Through Bosnia and Herzegovina on Foot, London: Longmans, Green, 1876. (A classic account.)
Faroqhi, Suraiya, Peasants, Dervishes and Traders in the Ottoman Empire, London: Variorum Reprints, 1986.
Fehérvári, Géza, ‘A major study of Ottoman Architecture in Hungary, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. XL, part 1, 1982, pp. 67- 78.
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Fekete, L., ‘Gül-Baba et le Bektāšī Derk’āh de Buda’, Acta Orientalia, vol. IV, Budapest, 1954, pp. 1-18.
Fine, John V.A., ‘The Bulgarian Bogomil Movement’, East European Quarterly, vol. XI, no. 4, pp. 385-412.
—, The Bosnian Church: A new interpretation, East European Monographs, no. X, Columbia University Press, 1975.
Frashëri, Naim, Fletore e Bektashinjet, [‘Baktāshī folios], Bucharest, 1896.
Filipović, M.S. ‘The Bektashi in the District of Strumica (Macedonia)’, Man, vol. LIV, 1954, pp. 10-13. (A description of an isolated Baktāshī community in eastern Macedonia.)
Filipović, Nedim, ‘A contribution to the Problem of Islamization in the Balkans under Ottoman Rule’ in Ottoman Rule in Middle Europe and Balkan [sic] in the 16th and 17 th Centuries (Papers presented at the 9th Joint Conference of the Czechoslovak-Yugoslav Historical Committee, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences), Prague, 1978, pp. 305-405.
Gawrych, George W., ‘Tolerant dimensions of Cultural pluralism in the Ottoman Empire: The Albanian Community, 1800-1912’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 15 (1983), pp. 519-36.
Gegaj, Athanase, L’Albanie et l’Invasion turque au XV siècle, Louvain and Paris, 1937.
al-Ghayṭānī, Jamāl, ‘Tarmīm al-masājid fī Hunghāriyā, al-Ḥammāmāt al-turkiyya ta‘ūd ilā al-ḥayāh fī Būdābast’ [The repair and restoration of mosques in Hungary: The Turkish baths come back to life in Budapest], al-‘Arabī (Kuwayt), no. 316, March 1985, pp. 108-18.
Gibb, H.A.R. and Harold Bowen, Islamic Society and the West, vol. 1: ‘Islamic Society in the Eighteenth Century’, part II, ch. XIII: ‘The Dervīșes’, pp. 176 ff.
Grégoire, H., ‘Arabes et Bulgares au debut du Xe siècle’, Byzantion, vol. XI, 1936, pp. 213-23.
Guldescu, Stanko, History of Medieval Croatia, The Hague: Mouton, 1964. (A good general history of Croatia.)
Haas, Abdulkadir, Die Bektași. Riten und Mysterien eines islamischen Ordens, Berlin, 1987. (A short introduction.)
Hadžiosmanović, L. and S. Trako, Tragom poezije Bosanskohercegovačkih muslimana na turkiskom jeziku, Sarajevo, 1985.
Hadži-Vasiljević, J., Muslimani naše korvi u Južnoj Srbijii [The Muslims of our blood in southern Serbia], Belgrade, 1924.
Hamilton, Bernard, ‘The Origins of the Dualist Church of Drugunthia’, Eastern Churches Review, vol. IV, no. 2, 1973, pp. 115-24.
Hasluck, F.W., Christianity and Islam under the Sultans, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2 vols, 1929.
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Hasluck, Margaret, ‘The non-conformist Muslims of Albania’, The Moslem World, 15, 1925, pp. 388-98.
—, The Unwritten Law in Albania, Cambridge, 1954.
Hertzer, Armin, ‘Untersuchungen zur Albanischen Aljamiado-Literatur am Beispiel einer Handschrift von Muhamet Kyçku-Cami’s “Erveheja” ’, Zeitschrift fur Balkanologie, XXI, 1985, Wiesbaden, pp. 12-40.
Hoxha, Enver, Reflections on the Middle East, London: Workers Publishing House, 1984. (The author’s views on Islamic culture figure prominently in this work.)
Huart, C.L., ‘Les Derviches Bektachis’, Revue du Monde Musulman, vol. 9, 1909, pp.235-46.
Inalçik, Halil, Arnawutluk, Encyclopedia of Islam (new edition), vol. 1, pp. 650-8. (A very comprehensive introduction to the Albanian-inhabited Balkans during the Ottoman age.)
Irwin, Zachary T., ‘The Fate of Islam in the Balkans: A Comparison of Four State Policies’ in Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics, edited by Pedro Ramet, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989.
Jacob, D. Georg, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Derwisch-Ordens der Bektaschis, Berlin, 1908. (A classic, if dated, study.)
Dejong, F., ‘Aspects of the Political Involvement of Ṣūfī Orders in Twentieth Century Egypt (1907-1970) — an exploratory Stock-taking’ in Islam, Nationalism and Radicalism in Egypt and the Sudan, ed. Gabriel R. Warburg and Uri M. Kupferschmidt, New York: Praeger, 1983, pp. 183-212.
—, Ṭuruq and Ṭuruq linked Institutions in Nineteenth-century Egypt, Leiden, 1978. (Refers to the Baktāshiyya in Egypt.)
—, ‘The Iconography of Bektashiism: A survey of themes and symbolism in clerical costume, ligurgical objects and pictorial art’ in Manuscripts of the Middle East, vol. 4, Leiden, 1989.
—, ‘Notes on Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods in Northeast Bulgaria’, Der Islam, 63, 2, 1986, pp. 303-8.
—, Article on Krujë in the Enyclopedia of Islam (new edn).
—, ‘The Takīya of ‘Abd Allāh al-Maghāwirī (Qayghusuz Sulṭān) in Cairo: A historical sketch and a description of Arabic and Ottoman Turkish materials relative to the history of the Bektashi Takīya and order presented at Leiden University library’, Turcica, XIII (1981), pp. 242-60. (Albanian links with Egypt are discussed.)
—, ‘The Turks and Tatars in Romania, materials relative to their history and notes on their present-day condition’, Turcica, vol. XVIII, 1986, pp.168-89.
Kaleshi/Kaleši, Ḥasan, ‘Albanian Aljamiado Književnost’, Prilozi za Orijentalnu filologiju, 16/17, Sarajevo, pp. 49-76.
—, ‘Le Role du Chemseddin Sami Frachery dans la formation de deux langues littéraires: Turc et Albanais’, Balcanica, 1, Belgrade, 1970, pp. 197-216.
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—, ‘Albanische Legenden um Sari Saltuk’, in Actes du Premier Congrès International des Etudes Balkaniques et Sud-Est Européennes, vol. VII, Sofia, pp. 11-149.
Kallajxhi, Xhevat, Bektashizmi dhe Teqeja Shqiptare N’Amerike [The Baktāshiyya and Albanian tekkes in America], Detroit, 1964. (Part of the Introduction is in English.)
Keddie, Nikki R. (ed.), Scholars, Saints and Ṣūfīs: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East since 1500, University of California Press, 1972.
Kiel, Machiel, Studies on the Ottoman Architecture of the Balkans, London: Variorum Reprints, 1990. (The best book available on this subject. It is particularly valuable on Bulgaria and Greece.)
—, ‘Urban development in Bulgaria in the Turkish period: The place of Turkish Architecture in the process’, International Journal of Turkish Studies, vol. 4. no. 2, 1989, pp. 79-129.
Kissling, H.J., ‘Le Dervichisme et l’Islam populaire’, Scientia (supplement), vol. 94, part LIII, 1959, pp. 153-8.
—, ‘Zur Frage der Anfange des Bektašitums in Albanien’, Oriens, vol. 15, Leiden, 1962.
—, ‘Zum Islamischen Helligenwesen auf dem Balkan vorab im thrakischen Raume’, Zeitschrift fur Balkanologie, 1962, Wiesbaden, pp. 46-59.
—, ‘Le Dervichisme et l’Islam Populaire’, Scientia, vol. 14 (1959), LIII, pp.153-8.
Koliqi, Ernesto, ‘Influenze Orientali sulla Letteratura Albanese’ in Oriente Moderno (Rome), XXXIV, no. 1, January 1984, pp. 25-42.
Kramers, J.H., article on Skanderbeg in the Encyclopedia of Islam.
Leroy, Jules, Monks and Monasteries of the Near East, London, 1963, pp. 55-65. (The author discusses the Cairene Baktāshī tekke.)
Levend, Agah Sirri, Șemsettin Sami, Ankara University, 1969. (A comprehensive biography of Sami Frashëri and his works.)
Lewicki, Tadeusz, ‘Die Namen der Slawischen Volker in den Werken der Frumittetalterlichen Arabischen Schriftsteller’ in The Muslim East: Studies in honour of Julius Germanus, edited by Gy. Kaldy-Nagy, Budapest: Lorand Eotvos University, 1974.
Limanoski, Niyazi, Islamskata Religiya i Islamiziranite Makedontzi, Skopje: Makedonska Kniga, 1989. (One of the very few studies of Islam in Macedonia.)
Lockwood, William G., European Moslems: Economy and Ethnicity in Western Bosnia. New York, San Francisco: Academic Press, 1976.
Logoreci, A., The Albanians, Europe's forgotten survivors, London, 1977.
Loos, Mirlan, ‘La question de l’origine du Bogomilisme (Bulgarie ou Byzance?)’, Actes du Premier Congres International des Etudes Balkaniques et Sud-Est Européennes, III, Sofia, 1969, pp. 265-70.
Lord, Albert Bates (ed. and transl.), Serbocroatian Heroic Songs (collected by Milton Parry), vol. 1: ‘Novi Pazar’, Harvard University Press and Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences, 1954.
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Lory, Bernard, Le Sort de l’Heritage Ottoman en Bulgarie. L’Exemple des villes Bulgares, 1878-1900, Istanbul: Eds Isis, 1985.
McCartney, C.A., The Magyars in the Ninth Century, Cambridge University Press, 1930.
—, ‘The Petchenegs’, Slavonic Review, 8, 1929, pp. 342-55.
Mahfouz, Imza, ‘L’Islam en Bosnie et Hercogovine’, Revue du Monde Musulman, 2, 1907, pp. 289-309.
Marcu, L.P., ‘The Tartar Patriarchal Community in the Dobrudja and its disintegration (first half of the 20th century)’ in Revue des Etudes Sud-Est Européennes, 1967, pp. 501-42.
—, ‘Aspects de la famille musulmane dans l’Ile d ’Ada-Kaleh’, Revue des Etudes Sud-Est Européennes, vol. VI, no. 4, 1968, pp. 649-69.
Marmullaku, Ramadan, Albania and the Albanians, London: Hurst, 1975. (A good overall survey of the history and the people by a Kosovan Albanian.)
Matkovski, Aleksandar, ‘L’Islam aux yeux des non-Musulmans des Balkans’, Balcanica, IV, Belgrade, 1973, pp. 203-11.
Matl, Josef, ‘Das Orientalische Element in der Kultur der Balkanvolker’, Grazer und Münchener Balkanologische Studien, 1966, pp. 71-82.
Mélikoff, Irène, ‘Ahmed Yesevi and Turkic popular Islam’ in Utrecht Papers on Central Asia, Utrecht Turkological Series, no. 2, 1989, pp. 83-94.
—, ‘Le Drame de Kerbela dans la littérature épique turque’, Revue des Etudes Islamiques, XXXIV, 1966, pp. 133-48.
Migeon, Gaston, Le Caire, le Nil et Memphis, Paris, 1906, pp. 82-3. (A description of the Muqaṭṭam Baktāshī tekke.)
Mirkovich, N., ‘Ragusa and the Portuguese Spice Trade’, Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 22, part 1, March 1943, pp. 174-93.
Mladenović, M., ‘Family names of Osmanli origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, in Essays on Islamic Civilization presented to Niyazi Berkes, ed. Donald P. Little, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978, pp. 244-59.
Mūfākū, Muḥammad, [Albanian culture] al-Thaqāfa al-Albāniyya fi’l-Ahjadiyya al-‘Arabiyya, Kuwayt: ‘Ālam al-Ma‘rifa, 1983.
—, [The history of Islamic Belgrade] Tā’rīkh Bilghrād al-Islāmiyya, al-Maktaba al-Balqāniyya, Kuwayt, 1407/1987.
—, [Studies and documents about the Devshirme (boy tribute)] Dirāsāt wa-wathā’iq ḥawla al-Dafsharma, Irbid, Jordan, 1411/1991.
—, [The Qādiriyya Ṣūfī order in Yugoslavia] ‘al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya fī Yūghūslāfiyā’ al-‘Arabī, no. 285, 1982, pp. 82-6.
—, [The epic of Karbalā] ‘Naim Frasheri, Qerbelaja, Malhamat Karbalā min rawā’i al-adab al-Albānī in Al-Mawsūm, nos 2-3, 1989, Damascus, pp.566-89.
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—, Malāmiḥ ‘Arabiyya Islamīyya fī’l Adab al-Albānī, Maṭba’at Ittiḥād al-Kuttāb
al-‘Arab, Damascus, 1991. (This contains chapters on Goha and his adventures in Albanian, Karbalā’ in Albanian literature. Erveheja, Arab and Albanian, and other chapters on Albanian literary treatment of the problems of Algeria and Palestine.)
—, [Albanians in the Yemen] ‘Bayn al-Yaman wa-Albāniyā’, al-‘Arabī, no. 263, 1400/1980, pp. 54-7.
—, (with Dr Ni‘mat Allāh Ḥāfiẓ), ‘al-Ḥājj ‘Umar Luṭfī Bashārīzī (1869-1929)’, al-‘Arabī, no. 242, ’1979, pp. 135-9.
—, ‘Al-Baktāshiyya’, al-‘Arabī, no. 220, 1977, pp. 64-8.
—, [An endowment (waqf) document from the Balkans in the Arabic language] ‘Waqfiyya min al-Balqān fī’l-lugha al-‘arabiyya min muntaṣaf al-qarn al-sādis ‘ashara, Majalia ‘ilmiyya faṣliyya muḥakkama ta‘nī bi’l-dirāsāt ḥawla tārīkh al-‘Arab, University of Damascus, nos 41 and 42, Mar.-June 1992, pp.134-54.
—, al-Islām fī Yūghūslāfiyā, min Bilghrād ila Sarayāwū, Amman (Jordan): Dār al-Bashīr Press, 1413/1993.
(The first part is the author’s book on Muslim Belgrade, previously published in Kuwayt. The second part [pp. 149-260] is about Bosnia, and Sarajevo in particular. The publication is extremely topical, and there is little currently in print on the subject in the Arab world. It contains a history of Bosnia, a complete list of the historic mosques in Sarajevo, a chapter on the plans to ‘cleanse’ [taṭhīr] Bosnia of Muslims following the Second World War, an account of the trial of prominent Muslims in Sarajevo in 1983, and an unusally interesting appendix (pp. 241-5) about Serb views of Islam and the Bosnian and Kosovar Muslims during the 1980s. For an English rendering of this, see the Appendix to this volume (pp. 294-7). There are several photographs of mosques in Sarajevo, including one of the severely damaged Ghazi Husrev Beg mosque.)
Myderrizi, O., ‘Tekstet e Vjetra Shqip me Alfabetin Arab’ [Old Albanian literature in Arabic script], Konference e Pare e Studimeve Albanologjike, Tiranë, 15-21 Nëndor 1962, Tirane, 1965, pp. 287-91.
Németh, J., ‘Traces of the Turkish language in Albania’, Acta Orientalia, vol. XIII, Budapest, 1961, pp. 9-23.
Nicoles, Michèle, ‘Une Communauté Musulmane de Grèce (Rhodes et Kos)’, Turcica, vol. VIII/1, 1976, pp. 58-79.
Nicolle, David, Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe, 1000-1568, London: Osprey Men-at-Arms series, 1988, 1989. (Provides much useful informtion on the early infiltration of Islamised groups into the Balkan region.)
Norris, H.T., ‘Twentieth-century Men of Letters among the Albanian Kosovan Ṣūfīs’, Ṣūfī (London issue), Winter 1990-1, pp. 22-4.
—, ‘Muslim Albanian Cultural Identity in Modern Kosovo: The personal impressions of a contemporary Arab reporter’, South Slav Journal, vol. 13, no. 12 (47-48), 1990, pp. 38-54.
Nurudinović, Bisera, Bibliography of Yugoslav Oriental Studies, Sarajevo, 1986. (Contains lists of Bosnian works on the Islamic sciences.)
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Obolensky, Dmitri, The Bogomils: A study in Balkan Neo-Manichaeism, Cambridge University Press, 1948. (One of the most important studies of Bogomil religion.)
Ohrid i Ohridsko niz Istorijata, book 2, Skopje: Institut za Natzionalna Istorija, 1978. (pp. 357-69 are in English and furnish a history of Ohrid in the Middle Ages and later.)
Okiç, M. Tayyib, ‘Les Kristians (Bogomils Parfaits) de Bosnie d’après des documents turcs inédits’, Südost Forschungen, vol. XIX, 1960, pp. 108-33.
Orijentalmi Institut u Sarajevu, Vakufname iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo, 1985. (Selected vaqfiyya from the XV and XVI centuries.)
Palavestro, Vlajko, Legends of Old Sarajevo (transl. Mario Susko and William Tribe), Sarajevo, 1987.
Palikruševa, G., ‘Derviškiot red Halveti vo Makedonija’ [A detailed description of the khalwatiyya Ṣūfī order in Yugoslav Macedonia] Zbornik na Štipskiot Naroden Muzej, 1, Stip, 1958-9, pp. 105-19.
Papovlia, Basilike D., ‘Ursprung und Wesen der Knabenlese’ in Osmanichen Reich (Südosteuropaische Arbeiten 59), Munich, 1963.
Popović, Alexandre, L’Islam balkanique. Les musulmans du sud-est européen dans la période post-Ottomane, vol. 11, Berlin: Osteuropa Institut an der Freien Universitat Balkanologische Veroffentlichungen, 1986. (The major study on this subject in print.)
—, ‘Litterature et Nationalisme chez les musulmans de Yougoslavie’, Actes du 8me Congrès d'Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, 1998, pp.197-203.
—, ‘Les Çerkesses dans les territoires Yougoslaves’, Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales, vol. XX, Damascus, 1978, pp. 159-71.
—, ‘Les Musulmans du Sud-Est Europeen dans la période post-Ottomane. Problèmes d’Approche’, Journal Asiatique, vol. CCLXIII, 1975, fascs 3 and 4, pp. 317-60.
—, ‘Les ordres mystiques musulmans du sud-est européen dans la période post-Ottomane’ in Les ordres mystiques dans l’Islam. Cheminements et situation actuelle, Paris, 1986, pp. 63-99.
—, ‘La communauté musulmane d’Albanie dans la période post-Ottomane’, Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, XIX, Wiesbaden, 1983, pp. 151-203.
—, ‘Le pèlerinage à la Mecque de musulmans des regions Yougoslaves’, Melanges d’Islamologie dedies a la memoire de A. Abel, Bruxelles: Centre pour l’Etude des Problèmes du Monde Musulman Contemporain, 1975, pp.335-63.
—, ‘Sur les récits de pèlerinage a la Mecque des Musulmans Yougoslaves (1949-1972)’, Studia Islamica, pp. 129-44.
—, ‘Littérature et Nationalisme chez les Musulmans de Yougoslavie,’ Actes du 8 Congrès de l’Union Européene des Arabisants et Islamisants (Aix-en-Provence), 1978, pp. 197-203.
—, ‘The Turks of Bulgaria’, Central Asian Survey, vol. 5, no. 2 (1985), pp.1-32.
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Poulton, Hugh, The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict, London: Minority Rights Publications, 1991. (The current state of all the Muslims in the Balkans, excluding Romania, is extensively covered here.)
Prvi, Svezak, Katalog, Turskih i Perzijskih Rukopisa, Sarajevo: Gazi Husrev Begova Biblioteka. The first volume (1963) in a series now in the course of publication, containing a valuable essay by Kasim Dobrača (pp. xix-xxvi) on libraries in Yugoslavia that contain Islamic manuscripts.
Pulaha, Selami, Defteri i Rlgjistrimit te sanxhakuti te Shkodrës i Vitit 1485, Tiranë, 1974.
Qafezczit, I.M., Histori ë Ali Pashe Tepelenee Shtypur ndë Rumani (Bucharest?), 1923.
Ramet, Sabrina P., ‘Primordial Ethnicity or Modern Nationalism: The case of Yugoslavia’s Muslims reconsidered’, South Slav Journal, vol. 13, no. 1-2 (47-48), Spring-Summer 1990, pp. 1-20.
Remérand, Gabriel, ‘Ali de Tébelén, Pacha de Janina (1744-1822)’ in Les Grandes Figures de l’Orient, vol. II, Paris: Geuthner, 1928.
Ressel, Svetlana, ‘Orientalisch-Osanische Elemente im balkanslavische Volks- marchen’, Studia slavica et baltica, vol. 2, Münster: Aschendorff.
Rexhebi, Baba, The Mysticism of Islam and Bektashism, part 1, Naples: Dragotti, 1984. (The only work in English by a practising Albanian Baktāshī.)
—, Misticizma Islame dhe Bektashizma, New York: Waldon Press, 1970.
Rex, Leon, and Ḥasan Ceka, ‘La Mosquée de Etehem Bey’, in Albania, Cahiers d’Archeolgoie d’Histoire et d’Art en Albanie et dans les Balkans, no. 5, 1935, Paris. (A description of Tiranë’s principal mosque.)
Rigo, Antonio, ‘Messalianismo = Bogomilismo. Un equazione dell’eresiologia medievale bizantine’, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 36, 1990, pp. 53-82.
Rizaj, Skender (Prishtinë), ‘The Islamization of the Albanians during the XVth and XVIth Centuries’, Studia Albanica, 2, XSXe, pp. 127-31, 1985, Tiranë.
Rossi, Ettore, ‘I Musulmani della ex Jugoslavia’, Orienta Moderno, XXII, no. 2, 1942, pp. 39-42.
—, ‘Trace del Dominio Turco in Albania’, Die Welt des Islams, 1941, pp. 109-18.
Runciman, Steven, The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy, Cambridge University Press, 1947, last reprinted 1991. (An excellent survey of the role of the Paulicians and Bogomils in the religious history of the Balkans.)
—, A History of the First Bulgarian Empire, London, 1930.
Šaćir, Sikirić, ‘Derviskolostorok és Szent Širok, Boszniában’, Túrán (Budapest), 1918, pp. 574-607.
Salihu, Hajdar, Poezia e Bejtexhinjve, Prishtinë: Rilindje, 1987.
Šamić, Jasna, Divan de Kâ’imi, Paris, 1986, pp. 114-20.
—, ‘La Mystique Musulmane des Ecrivains Yougoslaves (de Bosnie)’, Quaderni di Studi Arabi, 5-6 (1987-8), Venice, pp. 690-8.
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—, ‘Nationalite musulmane’ in La Transmission du savoir (see end of this bibliography), volume dedicated to the memory of Alexandre Bennigsen (1913-88), Lettre d’Information, 10 March 1990.
Šamić, Jasna, with Alexandre Popović, ‘Suleyman Ayani de Monastir, Poete du XVIe-XVIIe siècle’, Turcica, vol. XI, 1979, pp. 210-16.
Sanders, I.T., ‘The Moslem Minority of Bulgaria’, The Muslim World, 24, 1934, pp. 356-69.
Scarce, Jennifer M. (ed.), ‘Islam in the Balkans (and Persian Art and Culture of the 18th and 19th Centuries)’, Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1979. The section ‘Islam in the Balkans’, pp. 9-58, contains three specific articles on Islam: (1) ‘Islamisation in Macedonia as a social process’ by John Thirkell, pp. 43-8; (2) ‘Islamisation in the Balkans’ by Dr Alexander Lopašić (also spelled Lopashich), pp. 49-53; and (3) ‘La Signification historique des expressions “Raïa” et “Baraïa” ’ by Alexander Matovski, pp. 55-8.
Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990 (10: ‘The peoples of the South Russian Steppes’).
Sirrī Bābā, Aḥmad, al-Risāla al-Aḥmadiyya fī tārīkh al-Ṭarīqa al-‘Aliyya al-Baktāshiyya bi-Miṣr al-Maḥrūsa, Cairo 1358/1939. (The classic Albanian Baktāshī study of the Cairene history of that order.)
Skendi, Stavro, ‘Beginnings of Albanian Nationalist Trends in Culture and Education (1878-1912)’, Journal of Central European Affairs, vol. 12, no. 4, 1953, pp. 356-67.
—, ‘The Millet System and its Contribution to the Blurring of Orthodox National Identity in Albania’, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, ed. Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis, vol. 1, London-New York, pp.243-57.
—, ‘Crypto-Christians in the Balkan area under the Ottomans’, Slavic Review, vol. 26, no. 2, 1967, pp. 227-46.
Stadtmüller, Georg, ‘Die Islamisierung bei den Albanern’ in Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Osteuropas, 1955, pp. 404-29.
Stanescu, H., ‘Monuments d’Art Turc en Dobrudja’, Studia et Acta Orientalia, III, Bucharest, 1960, 1961, pp. 177-89. (This, the leading study, gives an introductory survey of Islamic art on Romania’s Black Sea coast.)
Tanasković, Darko, ‘Il bacino Adriatico-Punto d’Incontro librario Islamico e Cristiano’ in La transmission du savoir dans le monde musulman peripherique, Lettre d’information no. 10, March 1990, pp. 105-13.
Tardy, Lajos, Beyond the Ottoman Empire: 14th- 16th Century Hungarian diplomacy in the East, Szeged, 1978.
Thomov, Thomas S., ‘Les Appellations de “Bogomiles” et “Bulgares” et leurs variantes et equivalents en Orient et en Occident’, Etudes Balkaniques (Sofia), no. 1, 1973, pp. 77-99.
Tiranë State University (Institute of History and Linguistics), George Kastriot- Scanderbeg and the Albanian-Turkish War of the XVth Century, Tiranë, 1967. (A very readable account in English.)
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Tirtja (Tirta), ‘Survivances religieuses du passé dans la vie du peuple (Objets et lieux de culte)’, Ethnographie albanaise, Tiranë, 1980, no. 11, pp. 183-215.
Tisma, Ostoja, ‘Islamic Relics in Jugoslavia’, The Indo-Asian Cultures, vol. VIII, no. 1, July 1959. Delhi, pp. 292-300.
Todorov, Nikolai, La Ville Balkanique sous les Ottomans (XV-XIXe s.), London: Variorum Reprints, 1977.
Trajkov, Vesilin, ‘La ligue de Prizren de 1878’, Etudes Balkaniques, 14, 2, 1978, pp.19-32.
Voigt, Vilmos, ‘Hungarian Sources on Early Mediterranean Contacts’ in Proceedings of the First Congress on the Mediterranean Studies of Arabo-Berber Influence, ed. Micheline Galley and David R. Marshall, Algiers: Société Nationale d’Etudes et de Diffusion, 1973, pp. 213-16.
Vryonis, Speros, The Decline of the Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century, Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971. See esp. Ch. V: ‘Conversion to Islam’.
Vucinich, Wayne S., ‘Yugoslavs of the Moslem Faith’, in Yugoslavia, ed. Robert J. Kerner, Cambridge University Press, 1949. (Islamic culture — including language and literature and folk epic (Mustaj Beg of Lika, Mujo of Kladun, Hrnjica Halil [Khalīl] in the Ravni Kotari, Djerzeles Alija and Budalina Tale) — is discussed on pp. 264-7.)
West, Rebecca, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, vol. II, London: Macmillan, 1941. (Describes religious life in Kosovo.)
Wittek, Paul, ‘Deux Chapitres de l’Histoire des Turcs de Roum’ in La Formation de Empire Ottoman, ed. V.L. Menage, London: Variorum Reprints, 1982.
—, ‘Les Gagaouzes —les gens de Kaykaus’ in Rocznik Orientalistyczny, vol. XVII, Kracow, 1951, pp. 12-24.
—, ‘La descendance chrétienne de la dynastie Seldjouk en Macédonie’ in Echos d’Orient, XXX, 1934, pp. 409-12.
Xholi, Z., ‘L’ésprit du siècle des lumières et l’humanisme dans les idées de Naim Frasheri (1846-1900), eminent idéologue de la renaissance nationale albanaise’, in IIe Congrès International des Etudes du Sud-Est Européen, vol. IV: ‘Linguistique at Littérature’, Athens, 1878, pp. 497-503.
Zakī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, al-Muslimūn fī yūjūslāfiyā, Cairo, 1960.
—, al-Muslimūn wa-turāthuhum fī yūghūslāfiyā, al-Majalla, Sijill al-thaqāfa al-rafī’a, Cairo, no. 44, 1960, pp. 19-27.
Željazkova, Antonina, The Spread of Islam in the Western Balkan Lands under Ottoman Rule (15th—18th centuries), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1990 .
—, Razprostranenye na islyama v zapadnobalkanskyte zemy pod osmanska vlast XV-VIII vek. (The English summary on pp. 255-62 is extremely useful. It is an excellent assessment of Ottoman policy.)
—, ‘Ottoman-Turkic colonization in Albania and some aspects of the ensuing demographic changes’, Etudes Balkaniques, no. 2, Sofia, 1981, pp. 67-84.
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Zenginis, Efstratios, Bektașism in Western Thrace: A contribution to the history of the propagation of Islam on Greek territory, Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 1988. (This book, the only available work on this subject, is in Greek but it has an English summary on pp. 247-9.)
Regular periodicals with articles on the Islamic Balkans
Most numbers of La Transmission du Savoir dans le monde musulman périphérique, Lettre d’information, published by the Programme de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur le Monde musulman périphérique, Groupe de recherche no. 0122 du CNRS, Paris, contain at least one article, sometimes several, on some aspects of Ṣūfīsm and Islamic practice and affairs in the Balkan countries.
The Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, published by the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, London, is bi-annual and has issued a number of articles on topics relating to Islam in the Balkans. Among the most important are:
1979 Smail Balić, ‘Eastern Europe: the Islamic Dimensions’, vol. 1, no. 1, pp.29-37.
1979 Ahmed Smajlović, ‘Muslims in Yugoslavia’, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 132-44.
1983-4 Stephen R. Bowers, ‘The Islamic factor in Albanian policy’, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 123-35.
1985 Smail Balić, ‘Muslims in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe’, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 361-74.
1986 Mohammed bin Nasir al-Aboudi, ‘Muslim people in Eastern Europe: A first-hand report’, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 88-116.
1987 Abdullah Dedić, ‘The Muslim predicament in Jugoslavia’, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 121-30.
Eminov, Ali, ‘The status of Islam and Muslims in Bulgaria’, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 278-301.
1988 Bogdan Szajkowski, ‘Muslim people in Eastern Europe: ethnicity and religion’, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 103-33.
1988 M. Ali Kettani’s review of Alexandre Popović‘s L’Islam Balkanique, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 381-403. Different statistics are furnished. The Balkan Muslim communities in the diaspora are mentioned, likewise Arab communities in Greece (Athens). Kettani estimates the total number of Muslims in the Balkans (Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Hungary) to be some 10,496,000 out of a total population of 80,992,000, namely 13 per cent. This high estimate contrasts with Popović’s figure of 5-6 million. Allowing for years of atheism in Albania and elsewhere, this latter would seem a more realistic assessment of active believers.
1988 Cornelia Sorabji, ‘Islamic revival and marriage in Bosnia’, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 331-7.
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The two important articles by Muḥammad Mūfākū noted below were published as this volume was going to press:
— ‘al-Makhṭūṭāt al’-Arabiyya fī Albāniyā, al-Maktaba al-Qawmiyya fī Tīrānā’, Majallat al-Yarmūk, no. 40, Irbid, Jordan, 1993 (no pagination). A survey of the valuable collection of Middle Eastern Arabic and Albanian copied works in Arabic (c. 1,000 in all) currently housed in the National Library of Tirana. See also World Survey of Islamic manuscripts, vol. 1, ed. Geoffrey Roper, London: al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London, 1922, pp. 14ff.)
— al-Mustashriq As‘ad Dūrākūfītsh [A. Duraković] yan‘ī ḥarq ma‘had al-istishrāq fī Sarājifū, Aljeei, Paris, July 1993, pp. 97-9. (This article publishes a lament by a Bosnian Muslim Arabist for the recent destruction of the Orijentalni Institute in Sarajevo with particular reference to its lost microfilms and manuscripts and the loss of Dr Duraković’s own translations into Serbo-Croat from Arabic, especially from Lebanese and Palestinian literature.)