Origins of Intelligence Services

Francis Dvornik

 

Maps

Drawn by Dorothy deFontaine

 

1. Egypt and the Ancient World  5

2. The Persian Royal Road  25

3. The Kingdoms of the Successors of Alexander the Great  36

4. Carthaginian Possessions — 218 b.c.  55

5. The Roman Empire, circa a.d. 112  104

6. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian I, a.d. 565  126

7. The Passes in the Southern Taurus Mountains  141

8. Byzantine Military Roads, Encampments, and Fire Beacons in Asia Minor  144

9. Arabia before Muhammad  189

10. The Abbasid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire (ca. 750)  204

11. Kudama’s Post Stations  210

12. Mamluk State Post — Cairo to Syria  232

13. The Empire of the Uigur Turks between 745 and 840  267

14. The Kin Kingdom about 1150  268

15. Khwarizmian and Kara-Khitai Empires, Early Thirteenth Century  270

16. The Mongol Empire between 1230 and 1255  282

17. The Mongol Empire of China under the House of Kublai Khan  292

18. The Rise of Muscovy to 1584  309

 

 

1. Egypt and the Ancient World

 

 

2. The Persian Royal Road

 

 

3. The Kingdoms of the Successors of Alexander the Great

 

 

4. Carthaginian Possessions — 218 b.c.

 

 

5. The Roman Empire, circa a.d. 112

 

 

6. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian I, a.d. 565

 

 

7. The Passes in the Southern Taurus Mountains

 

 

8. Byzantine Military Roads, Encampments, and Fire Beacons in Asia Minor

 

 

9. Arabia before Muhammad

 

 

10. The Abbasid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire (ca. 750)

 

 

11. Kudama’s Post Stations

 

 

12. Mamluk State Post — Cairo to Syria

 

 

13. The Empire of the Uigur Turks between 745 and 840

 

 

14. The Kin Kingdom about 1150

 

 

15. Khwarizmian and Kara-Khitai Empires, Early Thirteenth Century

 

 

16. The Mongol Empire between 1230 and 1255

 

 

17. The Mongol Empire of China under the House of Kublai Khan

 

 

18. The Rise of Muscovy to 1584

 

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